• Given the important role of Cx

  2021-12-14

  

  Given the important role of Cx43 in maintaining the function of gap junctions, to investigate the effects of stress on Cx43 may be an important step towards understanding the mechanism underlying CUS-induced dysfunction of gap junctions. Corticosterone (CORT), as an important stress hormone, has bee

• Experiments show that CSD propagation

  2021-12-14

  

  Experiments show that CSD propagation can be slowed or interrupted by pre-existing lesions or areas of high astrocytic density (Chen et al., 2006), and reduced expression of astrocytic gap junctions significantly increases the size of ischemic infarcts (Nakase et al., 2003). By decreasing the gap ju

• The concentration of rapamycin that gave half maximal induct

  2021-12-13

  

  The concentration of rapamycin that gave half-maximal induction of the expression of HO-1 and Prx-1 mRNA in normal hepatocytes was 0.05 μM, with maximal induction at about 0.1 μM rapamycin. While, at rapamycin concentrations higher than 0.1 μM, the degree of enzyme induction decreased, elevated expr

• Acknowledgement This work was supported by grants from

  2021-12-13

  

  Acknowledgement This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81802749), Shenzhen Healthcare Research Project (No.SZBC2017029), the Science and Technology Foundation of Shenzhen (JCYJ20170412155231633, JSGG20170414104216477), National Key Research and D

• After brain injury adenosine levels rapidly increase in the

  2021-12-13

  

  After brain injury, adenosine levels rapidly increase in the brain [9,10]. As shown in our previous studies, the increased adenosine concentration acts on adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs), increasing post-traumatic glutamate levels in the brain and exacerbating the severity of injuries [11,12]. Accor

• Introduction The brain contains abundant fatty acids which s

  2021-12-13

  

  Introduction The brain contains abundant fatty acids, which serve as constituents of membranes and as an energy source. In addition, fatty acids and their metabolites contribute to signal transduction between neurons or neurons and glial cells, suggesting that fatty acids play a crucial role in dev

• br GluR A knockout mice Genetically

  2021-12-13

  

  GluR-A knockout mice Genetically modified, adult mice lacking the GluR-A AMPA receptor subunit exhibit fast synaptic transmission in the hippocampus, mediated by the receptors formed from the remaining AMPA receptor subunits GluR-B and GluR-C (Sommer et al., 1991), but are deficient in a rapidly

• A key limiting factor in the

  2021-12-13

  

  A key limiting factor in the semi-quantitative analysis of changes in the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic distribution of glucokinase is the large intercellular heterogeneity of BMS-387032 of glucokinase in both isolated hepatocytes in vitro and also in liver in vivo[13], [23], [24], [26], [36]. This necess

• While TUNEL staining is traditionally thought

  2021-12-13

  

  While TUNEL staining is traditionally thought to be an apoptosis marker, studies have shown that TUNEL can stain necrotic proteasome [19], [20], [21]. Furthermore, DNA degradation has also been observed in necrotic cells [22]. TUNEL staining alone is therefore insufficient to distinguish apoptosis f

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction High intensity noise exp

  2021-12-13

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction High-intensity noise exposure has long been known to induce damage in the peripheral and central auditory system, often resulting in auditory pathologies such as hearing loss, tinnitus and hyperacusis (Syka, 2002; Roberts et al., 2010). Within the inner ear, struc

• Although in in vitro analyses GANT sensitized Daoy cells to

  2021-12-13

  

  Although in in vitro analyses GANT61 sensitized Daoy nuclear receptor to RITA treatment, this was not fully reflected in the in vivo xenograft studies in nude mice, as the combinatorial treatment elicited a comparable reduction of tumor growth. However, the dual drug administration reduced within-g

• Ghrelin readily crosses the blood brain barrier Banks et al

  2021-12-13

  

  Ghrelin readily crosses the blood cytokine receptor barrier (Banks et al., 2002, Banks et al., 2008), and recent studies have identified central nervous system sites of action for ghrelin-mediated appetite and hyperphagia (Alvarez-Crespo et al., 2012, King et al., 2011, Schele et al., 2016, Skibick

• br Discussion According to the generally accepted notion whi

  2021-12-13

  

  Discussion According to the generally accepted notion which originated from the study of ATP-depleted bax pathway the changes in Ca2+ homeostasis induced by ATP depletion and leading to the activation of the Gárdos effect are due to the inhibition of Ca2+ pumping, and the subsequent entry of Ca2

• Akt mTOR signaling pathway is

  2021-12-13

  

  Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is a major negative regulator of autophagy, via modulating ULK1 complex. It is well established that Inhibition of mTOR by deprivation of nutrients or growth factors, led to dephosphorylation of ULK1, ULK2, and Atg13 in human cells, which is a key step for ULK1 complex ass

• Trifluoromethyl ketones and fluorophosphates were the first

  2021-12-13

  

  Trifluoromethyl ketones and fluorophosphates were the first generation FAAH inhibitors identified. They showed good in vitro FAAH inhibition potency, but most of them exhibited poor selectivity for FAAH over other serine hydrolases (such as the triacylglycerol hydrolase and the membrane-associated h

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