• br Conclusions and future perspectives br Declarations of

  2022-06-30

  

  Conclusions and future perspectives Declarations of interest Acknowledgements The authors thank Mrs. Kamala Pandey for the help in the preparation of this manuscript. This work was supported by NIH grants R01HL057531 and R01HL062147. Introduction Separation of short exons by long non-co

• In the H NMR spectrum two pairs of doublet

  2022-06-29

  

  In the 1H NMR spectrum two pairs of doublet resonances arising from the protons in the aromatic moiety of the two diastereoisomers can be readily observed around 7.5–7.6 ppm. These resonances can be used to detect and quantify the two diastereoisomers. From the results presented in Fig. 1A it can be

• Hair loss in women is polygenic and multifactorial

  2022-06-29

  

  Hair loss in women is polygenic and multifactorial with the additional influence of environmental factors. Several studies focused on the importance of several genes related to alopecia (Carey et al., 1993, Hillmer et al., 2008, Randall, 2008). FPHL involves progressive hair follicle miniaturization

• Conjugated BAs via S PR also activate ERK and AKT

  2022-06-29

  

  Conjugated BAs via S1PR2 also activate ERK1/2- and AKT-signaling pathways leading to the growth and invasion of cholangiocarcinoma cells. The role of conjugated BAs via S1PR2 to regulate apoptosis or cancer progression remains to be dissected. Nevertheless, there is no doubt that the composition of

• br Cell origin The ontogeny of astrocytes in

  2022-06-29

  

  Cell origin The ontogeny of astrocytes in vitro has been investigated in detail; Raff et al. (1983) characterised two types of astrocytes: type 1 being fibroblast-like in morphology and poorly labelled with a monoclonal antibody (AB25), whereas type 2 exhibited oligodendrocyte or neuron-like morp

• ro bio 2 The transport of glutamate by

  2022-06-29

  

  The transport of glutamate by EAAT2 from the extracellular fluid into either astrocytes or endothelial cells is an unfavorable and energy-consuming process. This energy is provided by a coupled co-transport of three sodium ions, one proton, and one glutamate molecule in the counter-transport of one

• br Declaration of interest br Acknowledgments This work

  2022-06-29

  

  Declaration of interest Acknowledgments This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31471615), the Introduction of Talent Research Start-up Fund of Anhui Polytechnic University (No. 2017YQQ017) and the Pre-research Project of National Natural Sc

• L Family Leguminosae widely distributed in tropical and subt

  2022-06-29

  

  L. (Family Leguminosae) widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. As a medicinal and edible plant, it is widely used in Asia, especially in China, Korea, Japan and India. It was first recorded in Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing (神农本草经), and was described having the effect of cleari

• Young et al described the role

  2022-06-29

  

  Young et al. [40] described the role of adenine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the translocation of GLUT4 in the heart. The AMPK is activated during muscle contraction [74] by converting AMP to ATP. The adenosine analog, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), is a c

• There are human genes in the SLC A family and

  2022-06-29

  

  There are 12 human genes in the SLC5A family, and 6 of these are expressed in human heart (Table 2). Little is known about SGLT proteins in the heart. Zhou et al. [56] reported the presence of SGLT1 mRNA in the human heart. Researchers have found that levels of SGLT1 mRNA in heart are approximately

• Although GLP has greater insulin releasing effects at pharma

  2022-06-29

  

  Although GLP-1 has greater insulin-releasing effects at pharmacological concentrations [10], it is apparent that the higher circulating concentrations of GIP combined with more pronounced increase in secretion following feeding make GIP the major physiological incretin [7], [11]. The peptide exerts

• Albumin is the major carrier of free fatty acids FFAs

  2022-06-29

  

  Albumin is the major carrier of free fatty acids (FFAs) in plasma [59], and harbours seven binding sites that are common to FFAs with a range of chain-lengths (C10-C18) across its three domains (Fig. 1a) [60,61]. In vitro, saturated, mono- and poly-unsaturated FFAs, with chain lengths ranging from C

• FPR activation stimulates multiple signal transduction pathw

  2022-06-29

  

  FPR1 activation stimulates multiple signal transduction pathways responsible for various neutrophil functions, such as adhesion, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, Cy7 NHS ester (non-sulfonated) of secretory granules, and superoxide anion radical (O2) production, which contribute to the physiological inflam

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgments The research was

  2022-06-29

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgments The research was funded by the Major Programs of Pharmaceutical research project of Jiangsu Province (Q2018044). Introduction Lipids are important regulators of cell death. In mammalian cells, both apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death pathways can be

• The membrane metalloendopeptidase MME gene is located at hum

  2022-06-29

  

  The membrane metalloendopeptidase (MME) gene is located at human chromosome 3q21-27. It encodes a 100-kD type II transmembrane glycoprotein, a widely expressed membrane metalloendopeptidase that degrades a number of substrates. The active site of the enzyme faces the extracellular space. MME is wide

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